Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) refers to a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These conditions can affect physical, cognitive, and behavioral development.

• 1 in 20 people (5% of the population) is affected by FASD.

• Shockingly, 98% of people with FASD are undiagnosed.

FASD is much more common than people realize, but it is often overlooked due to its invisible nature.

FASD is caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. When a pregnant person drinks alcohol, it passes through the bloodstream and reaches the developing fetus, interfering with brain and physical development. There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy.

Symptoms of FASD vary from person to person, but some common signs include:

• Impulsivity and lack of impulse control

• Memory and attention issues (e.g., difficulty focusing or remembering things)

• Emotional regulation problems (e.g., mood swings, trouble managing frustration)

• Learning challenges (e.g., trouble with planning, organizing, or problem-solving)

• Mental health concerns such as anxiety and depression (affecting 50-60% of people with FASD)

FASD is often considered an "invisible" disability because it doesn’t always present obvious physical symptoms. Additionally, the symptoms can overlap with other conditions such as ADHD, autism, or learning disabilities. This makes it difficult to diagnose, especially in adults.

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a medical professional, including a detailed history of the pregnancy, developmental milestones, behavioral assessments, and sometimes neuropsychological testing. However, only 2% of individuals with FASD are formally diagnosed.

While there is no cure for FASD, early diagnosis and intervention can make a significant difference. Key treatment options include:

• Educational support: Tailored learning plans to accommodate attention, memory, and social challenges

• Therapies: Occupational, speech, and behavioral therapy

• Mental health support: Counseling or therapy to address anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues

• Supportive care: Helping families and caregivers navigate the challenges of raising a child or supporting an adult with FASD

Yes, FASD is a lifelong condition. However, with the right support, individuals with FASD can live successful, fulfilling lives. The key is early intervention, continuous support, and understanding of their unique challenges.